For detailed coverage of these vessels and the rest of the posterior circulation, visit the vascular system section. The medulla oblongata receives oxygenated blood from the branches of the vertebral and basilar arteries. The cranial nerves associated with the medulla are:Īs a brief review, CN IX (glossopharyngeal) is important for swallowing, talking and taste CN X (vagus) is also involved with the muscles of swallowing and speech, as well as slowing the heart rate and constriction of smooth visceral muscle CN XI (spinal accessory) innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles (neck and back, respectively) and CN XII (hypoglossal) innervates all of the muscles of the tongue except for one. This knowledge will help you predict and make sense of test results, as well as indicate when your test results may need to be repeated (i.e., your results do not make sense) more on this below. ![]() (A detailed treatment of the 12 cranial nerves can be found in their dedicated section.) Learning which cranial nerves are associated with each structure of the brainstem is paramount in determining the general site of lesion. The most caudal structure, communicating directly with the spinal cord, is the medulla oblongata.Įach of the three parts of the brainstem serve as points of origin to specific cranial nerves (CN). In essence, the brain stem connects the cerebrum to the rest of the body it does this through joining the brain to the cerebellum and spinal cord.
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